The Collapse of Communism

The fall of the Communisn was one of the major turining points in history. Many peole made the wall fall because they wanted to reunify Germany. The wall was built in 1961. The wall was built because they wanted to prevent the Soveits' people in the east from escaping into the West which was better. The people who tried to get over the wall, many of them died. Ronald Reagan US President wanted the wall down since their was tension between the US and USSR with the Space Race and Nuclear Weapons that had happened in the past. He wanted to be on better terms with the Soveits and realized the struggle of the people. He wanted Germany reunified. On Nov. 9. 1989 the Berlin came down. People were glad that the wall came down because now the people could travel between countries and they wouldnt be killed just for going over to another country.

Africian Independence

Africa changed alot from the time period of 1955-1975. There were many reasons why Africa changed and many way of how Africa got their independence.

The Cuban Missile Crisis

In 1962, the soviet union desperately wanted to attack united state. Soviet missiles weren’t that powerful. It could only be affective against Europe but on the other hand U.S missiles were capable to destroy the whole soviet union. that’s why in 1962 soviet planned to attack U.S from Cuba. They thought U.S would be easy target from there. Soviet place there missiles in Cuba.

United state found out this secret in October 15 1962. This controversy was found with help of some photographs, which revealed the construction of soviet missiles in cube. As soon as it was found out president John Kennedy was informed. He immediately put his 12 best adviser to handle this crisis. Kennedy order to quarantine the whole area around Cuba and also order to stop weapon to be shipped to Cuba. In a conference Kennedy proclaim that any missile attack from Cuba on U.S will be regarded from soviet union. Kennedy warned soviet to move there weapon from Cuba before U.S take action against it. Every one knew about this crisis by October 25 1962. Both sides were worried bout it. They negotiate and soviet demanded U.S to remove their missiles from Turkey in exchange for soviet missiles from Cuba.

By 28 finally things were getting better between both side. Soviet missiles were removed from Cuba and U.S missiles were removed from Turkey. The Cuban missile crisis was the closest the world ever came to nuclear war. Both side were ready to attack each other. It was stopped because of two bravery men Kennedy and Nikita.

NATO and The Warsaw Pact

NATO is a an organization that includes countries from North America and Europe. NATO was a military association. NATO was there to keep peace. It was created to prevent USSR to spread communism. The major reason for forming the NATO was that the countries involved wanted a mutual defense alliance so that if one of them were attacked all of the other countries in NATO would come to their aide.The Warsaw pact was the name commonly given to the treaty between Albania, Bulgaria Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union. The Warsaw pact was signed in Poland in 1955 and it was called the "Treaty of Friendship", and Cooperation. The Warsaw Pact was for the communist countries and the NATO was for the Democratic government.

Flim Lesson: Schindler's List

Schindler's List was about Osckar Schindler who saved many jews from being killed by the German during the Holocaust. This movie was distrubing to me because they showed how they killed the Jews right on the spot and they didnt care if they were young or old. Who ever the Germans didnt like they killed them right on the spot. During that time Schindler use to own a factory and the Jews use to work for him as slaves. So Schindler was able to save mostly all the Jews that worked for him. Jews were kicked out of there houses and there city or country. All the Jews were gathered in the Getto. Thats the first place where they kept the all the Jews.

There were many images in that movie that I wont forget. Some of the images that i wont forget from the movie are when the Germans were getting into the Jews house and killing them for no reason. When the Jews were seprated from there families The Germans took away the kids far from there parents and they were killed because of They were seprated by there age, sex and how strong they were. Another one was when at the end of the movie the Jews were free they had no place to go so, they just laied where the Germans kept them. After the war was over Jews were Jews freed but when they were freed had no country. So the German told them that there was a village they could go there and get food.

The scences that were most powerful were they were in Auchwitz. I myself think that that scence was powerful because auchwitz was known as a death camp. Many Jews who went there they were killed. They were basically turned into ashes. The once who were saved were the oces who were strong enough to work and they were not really young. Many other things in that movie were distrubing to me because of what kind of things they did to the Jews. I really enjoyed watching this movie. Kids trying to save themseleves, familes trying to stay together. Many womens eating there jerewarly up so they can get it back later. All these kinds of things happened with Jews. After the war was over the German people never took the blame of what they did tot he Jews. Neither the Jews tryed to fight back with them.

Flim Lesson- Night & Fog

Night & Fall was a very destrubing flim that i watched. Some of the scence that were distrubing were when the Germans killed the Jews. After killing them they left the Jews right where they got killed or they burned them. The way they lived in the concentrating camps. I myself think that the this move "Night & Fog" was not Powerful as 'Shindlers List." Some scences that are simliar were when they were taken away to Auchwitz. In Night & Fog they just showed how they stayed there and where they were burned. In Shindlers Listthey showed the whole thing like the way they were taken way. What the Germans did to the Jews.

Some of the things i remember were that when people were sick they were given fake medicane. As of the SS had to expriment a operation on somebody they always took the sick people first. When the germans came up with a plans to kill the Jews in they rounded up all the Jwes in Europe and bought them to the Death Camp. I myself think that the documentary effected the illustrates more.

.

The Treaty of Versailles (ended WW I)

The Treaty if Versailles was the peace settlement singed after World War 1 was over. The war was over in 1919 In the shadow of the Russian Revlution and other events in Russia. The Treaty was singed at the vast Versallies Place near Paris between the Germant and the Allies. The Treaty was singed on June 28th 1919 after months ofarguments and negotiation. The Treaty mostly affected Germany because Germany had to pay for the damage of the war and much more. The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War 1. Then the Treaty was brutal towards Germany. That required Germany to accept full responsibility for causing the war. They had to make reparations to some Allied countries, surrender some of its territory to surrounding countries. They surrendered its African colonies and they had to limit the size of its military. This Treaty also made Germany cause World War 2.

Some Rules of the Treaty Of Versailles:

1.Germany is forbidden to maintain or construct any fortifications either on the left bank of the Rhine or on the right bank to the west of a line drawn 50kilometers to the east of Rhine. The was Article 42.

2.The armed forces of Germany must not include any militert or naval air forces. One of the most important rule of the Treaty Of Versailles was that The Allied and Associated Goverments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her Allies for causeing all the loss and damage which the Allied and associated Goverments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war in posed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.

The Germans lost 10% of their land and they overseas colonies were taken away which means that they no longer have access to the Spice Island. They lost 12.5% of their population, Germany had no money to power to recorver from all this. Germany was under control by the other European countries and had rules that germany cant break. Then came Hilter. Hilter was a great leader and the German people belived that he would help the nation to get better but, instead nobody in German knew that he would have killed 6 million jews. After all that Hilter wanted to take over the world.

Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) and the Modernization of Turkey

Ataturk was born in Salonika modern day Thessaloniki, Greece. His father was a government official in the Ottoman Empire. At the age of 12, he was sent to Military school and then to the Military Academy, Istanbul from where he would graduate as a lieutenant in 1905. After graduating from the Military Academy in Istanbul, Ataturk was assigned to a military unit in Damascus. In the following years, he participated in the campaigns against the Italians in Libya and in the Balkans war. He earned great acclaim during the Dardanelles campaign of the First World War, where the Ottoman Turkish forces repulsed the disastrous Allied landings on the beaches of Gallipoli. The stiff Turkish resistance, eventually, forced the Allies to withdraw.

The role of Ataturk during this crucial event in the war made him a national hero and earned him his reputation as a courageous and capable commander and acclaim, even amongst the Allies, for his brilliant military tactics.The First World War ended with the victory of the Allied Powers over the Ottoman Empire. Turkey came under Allied occupation and the Allies drew up plans to partition the Ottoman Empire.Turkish resentment over the occupation provided a fertile ground for the growth of Turkish Nationalism. The Turkish National Movement was born, in which Ataturk played a leading role. The Turkish War of Independence, which soon followed, led to the birth of the Turkish Republic in 1923. Ataturk was proclaimed the first President.Ataturk's Reforms:Ataturk established the Turkish Republic on his ideology known as Kemalism. Ataturk envisioned a modern republic that was progressive and secular.Ataturk believed that one of the chief reasons for the defeat of the Ottoman Empire during the First World War was its regressive social and cultural mindset.

Soon after assuming the presidency, Ataturk abolished the Ottoman Caliphate and instituted a series of reforms.He theorized that Turkey can attain the level of European nations only by adopting the customs, education and laws of the West. Towards this end, he launched sweeping reforms on the political, economic, legal and cultural spheres.Ataturk laid great stress on education and launched numerous literacy campaigns. Ataturk replaced the traditional script of the Turkish language with a simpler Latinized script. A firm believer in women's rights, he gave voting rights to women. This was a revolutionary step considering the fact that even women in many European countries did not have voting rights at the time. He also introduced changes in the dress code, law and in the calendar. He encouraged Turks to abandon the oriental dresses of the Ottoman Empire and to switch over to Western attire. All religious institutions linked to the state were abolished and the secular nature of the state was emphasized.

Ataturk is considered to be a visionary, reformer and a great statesman. He advocated a pacifist foreign policy that worked towards world peace and forged peace treaties with neighboring countries.Mustafa Kemal Ataturk died in Istanbul on November 10, 1938. He is buried in the Ataturk Mausoleum in Ankara, Turkeya revered national monument.

Flim Lesson- Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was born in Porbander which is in western India. He was born in 1869.
Gandhi was a man who gained India Independence. His name was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Gandhi was known as Indian political and spiritual leader. People changed his name to Mahatma Gandhi which means "Great Soul". Gandhi was thrown of the South African train because Gandhi was sitting in the first class couch and Indian were not allowed to sit in the first class couch. They were suppose to sit in the thrid class couch. When Great Britain took over India they sent Indian people to Africa as slaves so they can work.

Gandhi stayed in South Africa so he can help the Indians. Gandhi studied law school in England. When Great Britain took over India Gandhi stood up for his country and did many things that would give India its freedom back. Great Britain took over India in the 1600's. Gandhi was an non-violence man who never fought back with Great Britain whenever Great Britain attacked on India or Indian people. When the Indian fought back Gandhi use to stop eating just to make the people realize that we are not going to fight back. Gandhi was imprisoned in 1922, 1930, 1933 & in 1942. While Gandhi use to be in prison he went on hunger strike.

His fame was such that his death in prison would make intentional headlines and embrrass the British at time when Britain was condemning dictators in Europe. The way Gandhi wanted his Independence back by non-violence. That was all Gandhi. After India got its independence on 15th of August 1947. Gandhi was shot by and Indian guy and he died in 1948.

Test

Test